The number of bars used when sequencing drum samples can vary quite a lot. Usually, the total number of bars will be equal to the length of the song as a whole, and if you’re making loops to start with, it can be a bit more complicated.
If you’re composing a standard loop and want to portray a general outline of your song in a fairly straightforward manner, using four bars should be enough. The theme of the song can be condensed into these four musical bars, and the sample should be able to stand on its own; that is, you should not need surrounding music to really give the sample context. You should also add some variance in the drum samples or instruments, and a popular method is to do this toward the end of the forth bar. Keeping the listener comfortable and yet not sure what comes next is the aim of the game here, so remember that variance is key, even in a measly 4-bar loop.
The second most popular number of bars to base a musical loop on is sixteen. Why is this? Well, in hip hop and rap, 16 bars is the standard length for a rapper’s verse. So it turns out that using this figure to structure a loop on is great. Your creative limits are really tested, and to keep things moving through the whole verse length can be quite a challenge. One common tip is to introduce the hi-hats at the half-way point, and this will add another layer to the variance required to develop a great beat. At the end, start working on your pre-chorus skills.
When considering changes to the music, you can easily look beyond drum samples and even instrument patches and notes. The more advanced composers will start some new harmonic progressions or expand the note selection in current form. If you change multiple things at once, this is a very powerful message to your listener that things are not at rest; movement is in the air!
You can even try to see past the instruments and drum hits if you’re serious about arranging a masterpiece. Think vocals! Common techniques include allowing the singer or rapper to vocalize the first few bars in a very boring, monotonous way, before really showering in the feeling after that. Again, anything that keeps the listener guessing is viable.
Having said all of this, though, drum samples are definitely the easiest way to introduce some change into an existing musical piece. Your singer does not have to sing anything different to switch up their vocals and you don’t need to play new harmonies or anything else to add that subtlety.
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